Sumatran rhino (Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary,Indonesia) – a browser
Rhinos are broadly split into two categories – grazers and browsers – based upon their style of feeding and the types of food they eat. Grazers prefer grasses and typically feed low to the ground. Browsers favor leaves, twigs and hanging fruits, which often focuses their attention above eye level. Grazers might be likened to lawn mowers, heads held low and broad mouths sweeping the ground. Browsers are more like pruning shears, with narrower, prehensile lips reaching upwards into the trees.
White rhinoceros (Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya) – a grazer
The wide-mouthed white rhino of Africa is the consummate grazer. Short grasses are its favorite foods. The greater one-horned or Indian rhino is more difficult to categorize – sometimes a grazer and other times a browser. It likes tall grasses, but also consumes leaves, branches and submerged aquatic plants. The black rhino, which may share African grassland or savanna habitats with its white rhino cousin, is a browser that consumes significant roughage, like the thorny branches of acacia or fleshy plants like euphorbia that produce noxious chemicals.
Whistling acacia – Masai Mara, Kenya
Euphorbia – Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Tropical forest species like the Javan and Sumatran rhino are obligate browsers, surrounded by a diverse buffet of leafy plants. Hundreds of species comprise their diets. At the Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary, where the resident rhinos have access to large forest enclosures in which they’re free to browse (the verb), the animals are also given more than two dozen different kinds of browse (the noun) every day. Their eclectic diet includes wild relatives of species like coffee, rubber, breadfruit and poinsettia. They also seem to favor the aromatic leaves and bark of species related to common herbs and incenses – basil, mint, rosemary, sage, frankincense and myrrh. Some Sumatran rhino food plants are known to be excellent sources of vitamin C. Others produce toxic alkaloids that have been used by traditional hunters to produce arrow poisons. How they know which ones to choose and how much of each to eat is still to be learned.
The Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary (SRS) is a center for managed breeding and research located in Indonesia’s Way Kambas National Park. To learn more about how the SRS contributes to the survival of this critically endangered species, go to: http://www.rhinos.org/sumatran-rhino-conservation-program.
